Teachers and parents need to be
careful in teaching about the concept of Islam and the concept of religion to
pupils or children. Beware also if you buy the book. It may be that some of its
contents properly and some of its contents other mistake . Examples of such a
book is a book called Islamic Encyclopedia for Students. Chief editor of this
book is Prof. Dr. Nurcholish Madjid, the Editors executing Budhy Munawar
Rachman and Ihsan Ali Fauzi.
Although it looks attractive, encyclopedia was
to be scrutinized. For example, in the discussion of religion (Volume I, p.23),
it is said that there are other theories of religion which states that the
original and oldest religion is monotheism, which comes from God's revelation.
Since the days of Adam a.s. humans have embraced monotheism. Dynamism, animism,
totemism, polytheism, and the other is a distortion of the shape of monotheism.
This monotheism theory shared by Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
Thus, according to the categorization,
Judaism, Christianity and Islam entered in ketogori monotheists. On the same
page is also written: "Sikh can be called syncretic religion because it
was established to integrate Ajaan Hindus and Muslims." But in Volume V p.
93 is written: "One of the monotheistic religion that combines elements of
Hinduism and Islam are Sikhs." So, here too, the Sikh religion is called
monotheistic religions.
In Volume I p. 22, outlined the
theory that the religious divide into two groups, namely the heavenly religions
(religious sky) and earth religion (the religion of the earth). Celestial
religions are the religion revealed by God, whereas religion is the religion of
earth result of human thought. Heavenly religions called the "revealed
religion" and religion of earth called the "natural religion".
Muslims generally perceive that heavenly religions are Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam. As for religion of earth {of earth} include, among others, Hinduism,
Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.
Then, in Volume I p. 25 described again about
the meaning of 'heavenly religions', that: "Every religion has a book can
be regarded as" heavenly religions "(heavenly), and adherents are
People of the Book. Islam also has a book (Qur'an), but does not include the
Book in that sense. According to commentators, the People of the Book include
Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians (Zoroaster), and the Sabina’s (followers of the
mystic Plato). Now called the Book was extended to include Hinduism, Buddhism,
Taoism, and Confucianism. This underlies Islamic thought on religious freedom,
as well as support for religious pluralism. In terms of theology, adherents of
religions other than the Book are a polytheist. "
That is the explanation of the religions in
the Islamic Encyclopedia for Students.
If we examine carefully, the explanations were
very ambiguous. For example, an explanation of the meaning and categorization
"heavenly religions", "religious of earth (of earth) and
"People of the Book". Previously called, that religious of earth ( ardi
religions } include Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. Then, it is
said that the followers of divine religions referred to as the People of the Book. Then, it is
explained that the Book include Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.
So which explanation is true? It appears that the author of this encyclopedia has
no clear concept of religions and playing grimy opinion here and there without
careful thought.
The encyclopedia does not explain
the verses of the Qur'an which states: "The religion in the sight of Allah
is Islam". (Surah 3:19). Also, "Whoever seeks a religion other than
Islam, it will not be accepted by God, and in the Hereafter among the
losers." (Qur'an 3:85). Also, missed the explanation of the Prophet that
the meaning of "al-maghdhub" in the letter of al-Fatihah is al-Yahuud
and "al-dhaallin" is an-Nassara. More precisely, in the view of
Islam, "religions of the Book" (religious revelation), is Islam.
Judaism and Christianity now is not the religion brought by Prophet Moses and
Prophet Isa a.s.
In addition, there is an element of
manipulation is highly unethical to mention that, according to the
commentators, the People of the Book include Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians,
and Sabians. And now, the designation was extended to include Buddhism,
Hinduism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Encyclopedia author does not mention, which
commentators who have an opinion like that. In fact, the opinion that widen the
meaning of the Book in addition to Jews and Christians are the opinions of the
weak, and only few commentators who argue that way. This opinion has been so
much criticized by scholars.
A sober assessment of the Ahl
Kitab has been done, for example, by Quraish Shihab in his book "Insights
al-Quran" (1996: 368) and Dr. Muhammad Galib in his book "Kitab Ahl
Meaning and Scope" (1998: 36-37), which was also published by Paramadina.
Books Dr. Galib M. This is his doctoral dissertation at IAIN Ciputat - now a
UIN. After assessing several verses of the Koran, hadith, and the opinion of
the scholars on this issue, they concluded that the term "Ahl Kitab"
is more appropriately addressed only to the Jews and Christians. During his
life, Nurcholish Madjid had never written a serious work on this issue.
However, the author of this Encyclopedia
fantasized more about the People of the Book. In Volume III p. 38 that talks
about Islam and other religions, is written: "In the Qur'an, Jews and
Christians are called the People of the Book. The concept of the Book may
provide a clue that Islam does not necessarily classify those non-Muslims as
infidels. "
In Volume III p. 70, which discusses the
meaning infidels, again discussed about the People of the Book. It says:
"The People of the Book Jews and Christians are not included in a group of
infidels, although they deny the apostolate of the Prophet Muhammad. In Islamic
theology, they are incorporated into the class of the Book who have rights and
obligations equal to those who believe. "
We certainly deserves an explanation stunned
by Nurcholish Madjid and his friends are, that although Jews and Christians
deny the apostolate of the Prophet, they cannot be called a unbeliever
( kafir ), but called the People
of the Book. In fact, al-Quran surah al-Bayyinah verse 6 explains, "Surely
those who disbelieve the scribes and the idolaters (will go) Hell; they will
abide therein. They are the worst of creatures. "(Translation version of
the Ministry of Religious Affairs).
Prof. Hamka explain this verse in
Tafsir Al-Azhar: "Surely those who disbelieve (the base of paragraph 6),
ie those who deliberately refuse, membohongkan and falsifying the teachings
brought by Prophet Muhammad that, but if they made sense healthy, no one else
can nevertheless denied, so they reject it merely because it is influenced by
mere lust; "From ahlil book and polytheists." Ie Jews and Christians
and idolaters idolaters. "
Moreover, there are so many
verses of the Qur'an that describe the disbelief that raised Jesus a.s. as a
god. Surah al-Maidah verse 72 states: "It is blasphemy those who say that
Allah is the Messiah Ibn Maryam, whereas the Messiah himself said: O Children
of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." The Holy Prophet also
said: : "By the one who master the soul of Muhammad, no one was Jewish and
Nashrani who heard about me from these Muslims, then he died and did not
believe in the teachings that I brought except that it will be the dwellers of
the Fire." (Muslim)
The worldview of religious
pluralism seemed quite dominant in explaining about religions in this
Encyclopedia. That, for example, can be seen in the explanation of 'reward'. In
Volume IV p. 117 written: "Pahala is universal, in the sense that applies
to all faiths, not just Muslims. They must believe in Allah and the Last Day,
and want to do good and do righteous deeds, then he will receive a reward or
punishment of Allah .... (Surah 2:62). "
The verse is often misused to justify the view
of the truth of all religions. In fact, any man who would believe in Allah and
worship Him properly, would have to accept and believe in the apostolate of
Muhammad. In fact, Rashid Rida explains, for the People of the Book that
Islamic preaching to them (as specified Surah 3: 199), then there are five
requirements of safety, including: (1) believe in Allah with true faith, the
faith that is not mixed with polytheism and (2) believe the Koran was revealed
to the Prophet Muhammad.
Anyone who believes in Allah with
a true and faithful to the Koran-he has become a Muslim and part of Muslims.
Should, Encyclopedia of Islam is not obscure this fundamental.
In promoting scholars, The
encyclopedia also includes figures pluralist, as Frithjof Schuon. Written for
instance comment on Schuon book entitled "Understanding Islam":
"This book is well received in the Muslim world. Sayid Hussein an-Nasr, an
expert on the history and philosophy, for example, calls the work Schuon was
voted the best book on Islam as a religion and life guidance. "(Volume V,
p. 77).
Fritjof Schuon is understood perenialisme
figures carrier or transcendence Unity of Religions (Trancendent Unity of
Religion). In his book, Religious Pluralism Trends, an expert on comparative
religion, Dr. Anis Malik Thoha concluded, that the notion of 'perennial
philosophy' eventually led to the understanding of equality of religions. This
idea is not only getting away from Islam, but also getting away from the ideals
of its target. Therefore, the idea is more a problem than a solution for
religious diversity. If you want to be fair, it should also include the
Encyclopedia of criticism of the idea perenialisme religion brought by Schuon,
Hossein Nasr, and his friends.
In the things that lead to Religious
Pluralism, Encyclopedia is very clear inclination . However, in many other
respects, behaved as if neutral. For example, when discussing the
secularization Kemal Ataturk in Turkey. In Volume I p. 83 is written:
"Ataturk" nationalize "the
content of the Qur'an and religious services from Arabic to Turkish. This
policy is considered by some as religious enlightenment. "It is also
written:" After becoming president of Turkey, Ataturk turn Turkey into a
secular state and close all Islamic religious institutions, including
traditional religious education system. In addition, in its efforts to align
Turkish culture with Western culture, he recommends that the Turkish people
wearing Western clothes and include the name of the family as applicable in the
West. Nevertheless, Muslims remain free to implement the teachings of his
religion. "
Of course, the explanation about the
secularization Kemal Ataturk Encyclopedia is very untrue. If a lie is the
author of Encyclopedia states, Muslims freely practice their religion in the
Kemal Ataturk. We can look back at the history of Turkey. For the first time
officially compulsory azan echoed in Turkish in January 1932. Initially, prayer
is also required in Turkish, but failed to take place because the Turkish
community was strongly opposed. In 1933, the government said, Adhan in Arabic
is a violation. In 1937, the principle of secularism put in constitution of Turkey, so officialy Turkey became a secular Republic. 1930, abolished
religious education in urban schools and schools in rural areas in 1933.
Lessons of Arabic and Persian was abolished in 1928. In the same year replaced
the Arabic script with the Latin.
Ataturk running a dictatorial
government. He did not hesitate to condemn to death those who are reluctant to
Kemalist government. On July 13, 1926, 15 people were hanged in public. In
1930, anti-Kemalist 800 people were arrested and sentenced to death. In 1931,
out of regulations prohibiting the mass media put out propaganda that are
considered dangerous Kemalist government. Until now, the veil is still banned
charged in government offices.
So, if the Muslims freely
practice their religion in the Kemal Ataturk, as written by Encyclopedia of
this? Obviously it's not true!
Thus the study of the contents of
"Islamic Encyclopedia for Students" which was written by Nurcholish
Madjid and his friends. It is unfortunate, this book contains a lot of
misinformation and confusing about Islam. If you understand Islam alone is
wrong, then comprehension about Islamic
education certainly be wrong. Therefore, the concept of Islamic education is
certainly based on Islam. That is the importance of understanding Islam
correctly in order to become a true Islamic education, and produces educational
products right too.
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